Therefore and because symbols (∴, ∵) in LaTeX

Therefore and because symbols (∴, ∵)

Logic

∴

LaTeX command

\therefore

∴

Use inside math mode: $\therefore$ — needs \usepackage{amssymb}

Three dots in a triangle: point up for 'therefore', point down for 'because'. Both are amssymb symbols in LaTeX and built into KaTeX. They are common in worked solutions and proofs written line by line.

All ways to write it

Command	Use	Package	Copy
`\therefore`	∴	amssymb
`\because`	∵	amssymb

Commands marked with a package need that \usepackage line in a LaTeX document.

Example

\because x > 0 \text{ and } y > 0, \quad \therefore xy > 0

A two-line argument using both symbols.

Questions

Does \therefore need a package?

amssymb in LaTeX. No setup in KaTeX or MathJax.

Related symbols

Implies ⟹ \implies
End of proof ∎ \blacksquare
Contradiction ⊥ \bot

Using therefore in Confluence

Confluence Cloud has no built-in LaTeX. With LaTeX Math for Confluence you add a math macro to any page, type \therefore and it renders inline or as a block, with a live preview while you edit. Every command on this page renders there without extra packages.